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**Section A (1-Mark Questions)**
**MCQs & Very Short Answers**
1. n-type semiconductors** are formed by doping silicon with an impurity having how many valence electrons?
2. The coordination number in a **body-centered cubic (BCC)** structure is ______.
3. Which substances can be permanently magnetized: **diamagnetic, paramagnetic, or ferromagnetic**?
4. The **rate constant** of a zero-order reaction has the same units as the ______.
5. **EDTA** is used as a ligand in estimating water hardness because it ______.
6. **Terylene** is an example of which type of polymer?
7. **Hypotonic solutions** have ______ osmotic pressure compared to another solution.
8. The oxidation state of **Xe in XeOF₂** is ______.
9. **Denaturation of proteins** refers to the ______ of their structure.
10. The **magnetic moment** of a complex with 5 unpaired electrons is ______ B.M.
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**Section B (2-Mark Questions)**
**Short Answer Type-I**
1. Explain the **common ion effect** with an example.
2. Define **osmotic pressure** and state the unit used for its calculation.
3. Why is a **salt bridge** essential in electrochemical cells?
4. Differentiate between **order and molecularity** of a reaction.
5. Write the **IUPAC name** for the coordination compound **[Co(NH₃)₄Cl₂]Cl**.
6. What is **geometrical isomerism**? Give an example.
7. Explain **pseudo-first-order reactions** with an example.
8. Calculate the **pH** of a solution formed by mixing 10 mL of 0.1 M H₂SO₄ with 20 mL of 0.1 M KOH.
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**Section C (3-Mark Questions)**
**Short Answer Type-II**
1. Derive the **Nernst equation** and explain its significance.
2. Explain **Le Chatelier’s principle** in the context of the Haber process.
3. Describe the **mechanism of nucleophilic substitution** in halogen derivatives (SN1 vs. SN2).
4. **Calculate the half-life** of a first-order reaction if the rate constant is \( 2 \times 10^{-3} \, \text{s}^{-1} \).
5. How does **vapour pressure** change with the addition of a non-volatile solute?
6. Write the **reaction and uses** of Bakelite.
7. Explain **colligative properties** with reference to freezing point depression.
8. Describe the **structure and function of hemoglobin** as a coordination compound.
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**Section D (4-Mark Questions)**
**Long Answer Type**
1. **Derive the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation** and explain its applications in thermodynamics.
2. Explain **electrolytic refining of copper** with a labeled diagram and reactions.
3. Discuss the **preparation, properties, and uses of KMnO₄**.
4. **Mechanism of electrophilic substitution** in benzene (nitration/sulphonation).
5. Describe **green chemistry** principles with industrial examples.
6. Explain **crystal field splitting** in octahedral complexes and its effect on magnetic properties.
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**Key Topics to Focus On**
**Physical Chemistry**: Thermodynamics, Electrochemistry, Chemical Kinetics .
- **Organic Chemistry**: Aldehydes/Ketones, Amines, Halogen derivatives .
- **Applied Chemistry**: Biomolecules, Polymers, Green Chemistry .
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**Preparation Tips**
1. **Revise high-weightage chapters** like Chemical Thermodynamics (8 marks), Electrochemistry (7 marks), and Aldehydes/Ketones (8 marks) .
2. **Practice numericals** from Electrochemistry (EMF, Kohlrausch’s law) and Kinetics (rate laws).
3. **Memorize definitions** (e.g., intensive properties, conjugate acids) and IUPAC naming rules .
4. Solve **previous years’ papers** for pattern familiarity .
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