Std 8 Science Chapter
2. Health and Diseases
Question Answer Maharashtra Board
Question & Answer Practice
by K.N.S.A
Question Answer
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Q1 Distinguish between- Infectious and non – infectious diseases.
Answer:
Answer:
| Infectious Diseases | Non-Infectious Diseases |
|---|---|
| The diseases which can be transmitted from one patient to another person. | The diseases which cannot be transmitted from one patient to another person. |
| Spread through contaminated air, water, food, or carrier/vector animals or insects. | Not transmitted through any medium. |
| These are acute diseases caused suddenly due to infections from bacteria, virus, or protozoa. Symptoms appear sooner. | Some are hereditary, some due to metabolic failure, and some due to nutrient deficiency. Symptoms develop gradually. |
| Treated with antibiotics or antihelminth medicines. Examples: Tuberculosis, hepatitis, leprosy, cough, cold. |
Antibiotics are not used. These diseases have proper treatments. Examples: Diabetes, cancer, heart diseases. |
Q2 Identify the odd term.
(a) Malaria, hepatitis, elephantiasis, dengue.
Answer: Hepatitis (All other diseases are caused by the carrier mosquito.)
(b) Plague, AIDS, Cholera, T.B.
Answer: AIDS (All others are bacterial (caused by bacteria) diseases)
(a) Malaria, hepatitis, elephantiasis, dengue.
Answer: Hepatitis (All other diseases are caused by the carrier mosquito.)
(b) Plague, AIDS, Cholera, T.B.
Answer: AIDS (All others are bacterial (caused by bacteria) diseases)
Q3 Answer in one to two sentences.
(a) Which are various media of spreading the infectious diseases?
Answer: Infectious diseases spread through contaminated air, water, food, vectors such as insects, animals and man.
(b) Give the names of five non-infectious diseases other than given in the lesson.
Answer: Asthma, cataract, diseases of kidney such as kidney stones and renal failure, arthritis, Alzheimer which is a condition during old age, hypertension, migraine, etc.
(c) Which are the main reasons of diabetes and heart diseases?
Answer: Improper lifestyle, wrong type of diet, lack of exercise, excessive mental stress and strain, imbalance in secretion of hormones, etc. are the main reasons for diabetes and heart diseases.
(a) Which are various media of spreading the infectious diseases?
Answer: Infectious diseases spread through contaminated air, water, food, vectors such as insects, animals and man.
(b) Give the names of five non-infectious diseases other than given in the lesson.
Answer: Asthma, cataract, diseases of kidney such as kidney stones and renal failure, arthritis, Alzheimer which is a condition during old age, hypertension, migraine, etc.
(c) Which are the main reasons of diabetes and heart diseases?
Answer: Improper lifestyle, wrong type of diet, lack of exercise, excessive mental stress and strain, imbalance in secretion of hormones, etc. are the main reasons for diabetes and heart diseases.
Q4 What can be achieved/can be prevented?
(a) Drinking boiled and filtered water.
Answer:
1. When water is boiled, all the disease causing pathogens present in it are killed.
2. Different diseases like cholera, enteritis, diarrhoea, dysentery, hepatitis, typhoid are caused by such water-borne pathogens.
3. If we boil the water we are protected against all such diseases.
4. If the water is filtered we can avoid infections from nematode Dracunculus which causes Naru. By boiling and filtering water, even the epidemics by such infectious diseases can be controlled.
(b) Avoiding smoking and alcoholism.
Answer:
1. Smoking and alcoholism are two dangerous habits that cause addictions. Alcoholism causes disorders of liver.
2. The addict suffers from malnourishment.
3. His mental and psychological conditions become abnormal. There is social and familial impacts too due to alcoholism.
4. Smoking is an invitation for cancer. In cigarettes/bidis, there is hazardous nicotine. Nicotine is not only toxic but is also carcinogenic. Cancers of oral cavity, tongue, respiratory tract, lungs is very common among smokers. Therefore, addictions like smoking and alcoholism should always be avoided.
(c) Regular balanced diet and exercise.
Answer:
1. Regular and balanced diet results into perfect health. The disease fighting power or immunity of a person is increased due to healthy diet.
2. One can avoid frequent infections and also mental well-being is established.
3. Heart disease, diabetes, obesity, etc. can be avoided by not consuming high caloric junk food.
4. Exercise improves blood circulation. Many disorders which are caused by faulty lifestyle can be prevented by having regular balanced diet and exercise, thus one must always follow these for well-being.
(d) Proper checking of blood before blood donation.
Answer:
1. There are definite blood groups.
2. During blood transfusion, the donor's and recipient's blood should be well-matched with each other. Otherwise, blood gets clumped inside the body of recipient.
3. Through infected blood, the viruses such as those causing hepatitis B or AIDS are transmitted to other healthy persons. Thus, for prevention of transmission of such diseases, blood should be checked before blood donation.
(a) Drinking boiled and filtered water.
Answer:
1. When water is boiled, all the disease causing pathogens present in it are killed.
2. Different diseases like cholera, enteritis, diarrhoea, dysentery, hepatitis, typhoid are caused by such water-borne pathogens.
3. If we boil the water we are protected against all such diseases.
4. If the water is filtered we can avoid infections from nematode Dracunculus which causes Naru. By boiling and filtering water, even the epidemics by such infectious diseases can be controlled.
(b) Avoiding smoking and alcoholism.
Answer:
1. Smoking and alcoholism are two dangerous habits that cause addictions. Alcoholism causes disorders of liver.
2. The addict suffers from malnourishment.
3. His mental and psychological conditions become abnormal. There is social and familial impacts too due to alcoholism.
4. Smoking is an invitation for cancer. In cigarettes/bidis, there is hazardous nicotine. Nicotine is not only toxic but is also carcinogenic. Cancers of oral cavity, tongue, respiratory tract, lungs is very common among smokers. Therefore, addictions like smoking and alcoholism should always be avoided.
(c) Regular balanced diet and exercise.
Answer:
1. Regular and balanced diet results into perfect health. The disease fighting power or immunity of a person is increased due to healthy diet.
2. One can avoid frequent infections and also mental well-being is established.
3. Heart disease, diabetes, obesity, etc. can be avoided by not consuming high caloric junk food.
4. Exercise improves blood circulation. Many disorders which are caused by faulty lifestyle can be prevented by having regular balanced diet and exercise, thus one must always follow these for well-being.
(d) Proper checking of blood before blood donation.
Answer:
1. There are definite blood groups.
2. During blood transfusion, the donor's and recipient's blood should be well-matched with each other. Otherwise, blood gets clumped inside the body of recipient.
3. Through infected blood, the viruses such as those causing hepatitis B or AIDS are transmitted to other healthy persons. Thus, for prevention of transmission of such diseases, blood should be checked before blood donation.
Q5 Read the passage and answer the questions.
Master 'X' is a 3 year old child. He is living with his family in a slum. Public toilet is present near his house. His father is drunkard. His mother does not know the importance of balanced diet.
(a) Master 'X' can suffer from which different possible diseases in above conditions?
Answer:
1. Master 'X' can suffer from many diseases due to his living conditions.
2. He can suffer from diarrhoea, dysentery, cholera, hepatitis, enteritis, etc. due to contaminated water and food.
3. He can also suffer from malnutrition due to lack of balanced diet.
4. He can also suffer from tuberculosis and other respiratory diseases due to poor hygiene and sanitation in slum areas.
(b) How will you help him and his family in this situation?
Answer:
1. I will educate Master 'X' and his family about the importance of hygiene and sanitation.
2. I will inform them about the need for clean drinking water and proper sanitation facilities.
3. I will guide them to consume a balanced diet rich in nutrients to prevent malnutrition.
4. I will also advise them to avoid alcohol and smoking for better health.
(c) Which disease can occur to the father of master 'X'?
Answer:
1. The father of Master 'X' can suffer from liver diseases due to alcoholism.
2. He may also develop respiratory diseases due to smoking and poor living conditions.
3. Additionally, he may be at risk of developing mental health issues due to addiction.
Master 'X' is a 3 year old child. He is living with his family in a slum. Public toilet is present near his house. His father is drunkard. His mother does not know the importance of balanced diet.
(a) Master 'X' can suffer from which different possible diseases in above conditions?
Answer:
1. Master 'X' can suffer from many diseases due to his living conditions.
2. He can suffer from diarrhoea, dysentery, cholera, hepatitis, enteritis, etc. due to contaminated water and food.
3. He can also suffer from malnutrition due to lack of balanced diet.
4. He can also suffer from tuberculosis and other respiratory diseases due to poor hygiene and sanitation in slum areas.
(b) How will you help him and his family in this situation?
Answer:
1. I will educate Master 'X' and his family about the importance of hygiene and sanitation.
2. I will inform them about the need for clean drinking water and proper sanitation facilities.
3. I will guide them to consume a balanced diet rich in nutrients to prevent malnutrition.
4. I will also advise them to avoid alcohol and smoking for better health.
(c) Which disease can occur to the father of master 'X'?
Answer:
1. The father of Master 'X' can suffer from liver diseases due to alcoholism.
2. He may also develop respiratory diseases due to smoking and poor living conditions.
3. Additionally, he may be at risk of developing mental health issues due to addiction.
Q6 Give the preventive measures of following diseases:
(a) Dengue:
Answer: Dengue is transmitted through bite of mosquito of Aedes aegypti. DEN-1, 2 virus belonging to the type – flavivirus is the causative pathogen for Dengue. Wherever there is stagnant or accumulated water, there is possibility of mosquito breeding. Therefore, care is to be taken to drain of such water. Thus this is a very important preventive measure. Especially, in the man-made containers and in clean water, the Aedes mosquito prefers to breed. Therefore, such water storages should be either covered or should be decanted. Another way to keep off from dengue is to increase our immunity to fight against the virus. There is vaccine called CYD-TDV or Dengvaxia which is synthesised in 2017. But it is still not considered to be completely safe.
(b) Cancer
Answer: The most important preventive measure is to remain away from the carcinogenic substances. Tobacco, gutkha, cigarette, bidi, etc. are addictive things which are very bad for our health. The nicotine present in these cause cancers of oral cavity and of respiratory system. Radiations can also cause cancer. We should not expose ourselves to hazardous radiations. Balanced and healthy diet, proper exercise and living stress free with mental balance are some of the preventive measures of the cancer. Only for few types of cancer like cervical cancer in women, vaccine has been developed.
(c) AIDS
Answer: When blood transfusion is done, the blood should be checked for the presence of HIV. The used syringes, needles, etc. should not be used without sterilization. Through blood and blood products and body fluids HIV finds its way into the body. Therefore, these precautions should be taken. Unsafe sexual contact is the most important mode of transmission of HIV. Thus one should never deal with such dangerous acts. Awareness about AIDS and HIV is the real preventive measure.
(a) Dengue:
Answer: Dengue is transmitted through bite of mosquito of Aedes aegypti. DEN-1, 2 virus belonging to the type – flavivirus is the causative pathogen for Dengue. Wherever there is stagnant or accumulated water, there is possibility of mosquito breeding. Therefore, care is to be taken to drain of such water. Thus this is a very important preventive measure. Especially, in the man-made containers and in clean water, the Aedes mosquito prefers to breed. Therefore, such water storages should be either covered or should be decanted. Another way to keep off from dengue is to increase our immunity to fight against the virus. There is vaccine called CYD-TDV or Dengvaxia which is synthesised in 2017. But it is still not considered to be completely safe.
(b) Cancer
Answer: The most important preventive measure is to remain away from the carcinogenic substances. Tobacco, gutkha, cigarette, bidi, etc. are addictive things which are very bad for our health. The nicotine present in these cause cancers of oral cavity and of respiratory system. Radiations can also cause cancer. We should not expose ourselves to hazardous radiations. Balanced and healthy diet, proper exercise and living stress free with mental balance are some of the preventive measures of the cancer. Only for few types of cancer like cervical cancer in women, vaccine has been developed.
(c) AIDS
Answer: When blood transfusion is done, the blood should be checked for the presence of HIV. The used syringes, needles, etc. should not be used without sterilization. Through blood and blood products and body fluids HIV finds its way into the body. Therefore, these precautions should be taken. Unsafe sexual contact is the most important mode of transmission of HIV. Thus one should never deal with such dangerous acts. Awareness about AIDS and HIV is the real preventive measure.
Q7 Explain the importance.
(a) Balanced diet.
Answer: The diet that contains all the nutrients in the balanced proportion is called balanced diet. One can avoid malnutrition by taking balanced diet. The immunity increases due to balanced diet containing good proportion of vitamins and minerals. Some diseases can be avoided due to raised immunity. Wrong lifestyle and wrong diet can cause hypertension, diabetes or heart disease. To maintain our health and keep the body in equilibrium, we have to take balanced diet.
(b) Physical exercise/Yogasanas.
Answer: By exercise and yoga, the blood circulation of body is improved. Body and joints remain flexible. Mental strain and stress is reduced. Insomnia (inability to fall asleep), arthritis, indigestion, and some other disorders can be avoided. The person who performs exercise, always remains away from the addictions. Yoga makes levels of hormones, enzymes, etc. in equilibrium. By keeping control over breathing through pranayama many respiratory and circulatory disorders can be prevented.
(a) Balanced diet.
Answer: The diet that contains all the nutrients in the balanced proportion is called balanced diet. One can avoid malnutrition by taking balanced diet. The immunity increases due to balanced diet containing good proportion of vitamins and minerals. Some diseases can be avoided due to raised immunity. Wrong lifestyle and wrong diet can cause hypertension, diabetes or heart disease. To maintain our health and keep the body in equilibrium, we have to take balanced diet.
(b) Physical exercise/Yogasanas.
Answer: By exercise and yoga, the blood circulation of body is improved. Body and joints remain flexible. Mental strain and stress is reduced. Insomnia (inability to fall asleep), arthritis, indigestion, and some other disorders can be avoided. The person who performs exercise, always remains away from the addictions. Yoga makes levels of hormones, enzymes, etc. in equilibrium. By keeping control over breathing through pranayama many respiratory and circulatory disorders can be prevented.
Q8 Make a list.
(a) Viral diseases.
Answer: AIDS, Hepatitis, Influenza, Rabies, Polio.
(b) Bacterial diseases.
Answer: Typhoid, Tuberculosis, Cholera, Leprosy.
(c) Diseases spread through insects.
Answer: Malaria, Dengue, Elephantiasis.
(d) Hereditary diseases.
Answer: Diabetes, Haemophilia, Muscular dystrophy, Colourblindness.
(a) Viral diseases.
Answer: AIDS, Hepatitis, Influenza, Rabies, Polio.
(b) Bacterial diseases.
Answer: Typhoid, Tuberculosis, Cholera, Leprosy.
(c) Diseases spread through insects.
Answer: Malaria, Dengue, Elephantiasis.
(d) Hereditary diseases.
Answer: Diabetes, Haemophilia, Muscular dystrophy, Colourblindness.
Q9. Write the information on modern diagnostics and treatments of cancer.
Answer:
1. Following methods are used as diagnostic methods to detect the cancer. Techniques like CT scan, MRI scan, mammography, biopsy. Treatment of the cancer is done by the following methods:
2. For treatment of cancer, some conventional methods are used. Along with these methods, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery are commonly used to treat cancerous growth and tumours. New and modern techniques of robotic and laparoscopic surgery are also used for the treatment.
Answer:
1. Following methods are used as diagnostic methods to detect the cancer. Techniques like CT scan, MRI scan, mammography, biopsy. Treatment of the cancer is done by the following methods:
2. For treatment of cancer, some conventional methods are used. Along with these methods, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery are commonly used to treat cancerous growth and tumours. New and modern techniques of robotic and laparoscopic surgery are also used for the treatment.
Q10. Enlist the names and composition of the medicines present at your home.
Answer:
Paracetamol – Paracetamol (used for fever and pain)
Amoxicillin – Amoxicillin (antibiotic)
Cough Syrup – Dextromethorphan (for cough)
Antacid – Magnesium hydroxide (for acidity)
Multivitamin – Vitamins A, B, C, D, E (for nutrition)
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Answer:
Paracetamol – Paracetamol (used for fever and pain)
Amoxicillin – Amoxicillin (antibiotic)
Cough Syrup – Dextromethorphan (for cough)
Antacid – Magnesium hydroxide (for acidity)
Multivitamin – Vitamins A, B, C, D, E (for nutrition)
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